{"id":148,"date":"2016-03-23T15:37:40","date_gmt":"2016-03-23T15:37:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/barangolo.shalom-olim.com\/?p=148"},"modified":"2016-04-10T21:02:19","modified_gmt":"2016-04-10T18:02:19","slug":"judea-barlangvilaga","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/barangolo.salomhaverim.com\/?p=148","title":{"rendered":"J\u00fadea barlangvil\u00e1ga"},"content":{"rendered":"

Egy a maga nem\u00e9ben egyed\u00fcl\u00e1ll\u00f3 l\u00e1tv\u00e1nyoss\u00e1got k\u00edn\u00e1l a\u00a0Beit (Bet) Guvrin-Maresha Nemzeti Park.<\/strong> A mintegy 400 m tengerszint feletti magass\u00e1gban elhelyezked\u0151 j\u00fadeai dombok sok sz\u00e1z emberi k\u00e9z alkotta barlangot rejtenek magukba. A fels\u0151 kem\u00e9ny k\u0151zet alatti puha, k\u00f6nnyen megmunk\u00e1lhat\u00f3 m\u00e9szk\u0151r\u00e9tegbe v\u00e1jt barlangok az \u00e9vezredek sor\u00e1n az itt \u00e9l\u0151knek hol \u00e9letteret, \u00e9s temetkez\u00e9si helyet biztos\u00edtott \u2013 de haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k a f\u00f6ld alatti – helyenk\u00e9nt t\u00f6bb t\u00edz m\u00e9teres belmagass\u00e1g\u00fa \u00fcregeket galambteny\u00e9szt\u00e9sre, olajsajtol\u00e1sra, sz\u0151l\u0151-pr\u00e9sel\u00e9sre, rakt\u00e1roz\u00e1sra, vagy \u00e9ppens\u00e9ggel b\u00fav\u00f3helyk\u00e9nt ha a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem viharai el\u00f6l kellett menek\u00fclni.
\nMa m\u00e1r neh\u00e9z eld\u00f6nteni, hogy a barlangok eredend\u0151en k\u0151fejt\u0151k voltak, s az ott kitermelt puha m\u00e9szk\u0151 k\u0151zetet a k\u00f6rny\u00e9kbeli \u00e9p\u00edtkez\u00e9sekn\u00e9l haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k fel, vagy eleve barlang-lak\u00e1sok kialak\u00edt\u00e1sa volt az itt lak\u00f3k c\u00e9lja. Egy biztos, saj\u00e1tos technol\u00f3gia alakult ki az \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadok sor\u00e1n. Els\u0151 l\u00e9p\u00e9sk\u00e9nt egy kb. 2 m\u00e9teres lyukat f\u00fartak el\u0151deink a kem\u00e9ny k\u0151zetbe, majd a puha r\u00e9teget el\u00e9rve harangalakban t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt az \u00fcreg tov\u00e1bbi m\u00e9ly\u00edt\u00e9se. A harang-forma adta a statikai biztons\u00e1got a beszakad\u00e1sokkal szemben. Az \u00fcreg mennyezet\u00e9n l\u00e9v\u0151 lyuk a tov\u00e1bbiakban a f\u00fcst elvezet\u00e9s\u00e9t szolg\u00e1lta.
\nArcheol\u00f3gusok az id\u0151sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00e1s el\u0151tti III-II sz\u00e1zadra teszik az itt felt\u00e1rt legkor\u00e1bbi leletek \u00e9letkor\u00e1t. A t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u00e9szek kor\u00e1bbra. A Biblia a j\u00fadeai v\u00e1rosok k\u00f6z\u00f6tt tesz eml\u00edt\u00e9st Maresh\u00e1r\u00f3l. A korai zsid\u00f3 civiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3n k\u00edv\u00fcl a hell\u00e9n, a romai, a biz\u00e1nci kereszt\u00e9ny \u00e9s a k\u00f6z\u00e9pkori iszl\u00e1m kult\u00fara nyomai egyar\u00e1nt megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k ebben az ezer barlang alkotta vil\u00e1gban.
\nA park Beit Shemesh \u00e9s Kiryat Gat k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a 35 sz\u00e1m\u00fa \u00faton \u00e9rhet\u0151 el,\u00a0 a barlangok egy r\u00e9sze kerekessz\u00e9kkel is megk\u00f6zel\u00edthet\u0151. A Park legkedveltebb barlangjai, l\u00e1togat\u00f3helyei:<\/p>\n

Sidonian temetkez\u00e9si barlangok<\/strong><\/p>\n

A Hellenisztikus id\u0151szakot id\u00e9zik a Sidonian temetkez\u00e9si barlangok. A nyeregtet\u0151s, festett, fresk\u00f3kkal d\u00edsz\u00edtett f\u00fclk\u00e9k, melybe egykor halottaikat temett\u00e9k J\u00fadea lak\u00f3i – mai is szinte s\u00e9rtetlen \u00e1llapotban tekinthet\u0151k meg.<\/p>\n

Bell Barlangok<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ez id\u00e1ig t\u00f6bb sz\u00e1z harang alak\u00fa m\u00e9szk\u0151 barlangot t\u00e1rtak fel a k\u00f6rny\u00e9ken. A nagyobb barlangokat f\u00f6ld alatti folyos\u00f3k h\u00e1l\u00f3zata k\u00f6ti \u00f6ssze. A r\u00f3mai korban az itt elter\u00fcl\u0151 telep\u00fcl\u00e9st Eleutheropolisnak h\u00edvt\u00e1k, az itt sajtolt olaj, \u00e9s pr\u00e9selt sz\u0151l\u0151 messzi f\u00f6ldr\u0151l vonzotta a keresked\u0151ket. A felt\u00e1r\u00e1s sor\u00e1n t\u00f6bb barlangban tal\u00e1ltak az archeol\u00f3gusok romai kori technol\u00f3gi\u00e1t t\u00fckr\u00f6z\u0151 t\u00e1rgyakat. (pld: olajsajtol\u00f3) Egyik m\u00e1sik, nagy belmagass\u00e1g\u00fa barlang a kit\u0171n\u0151 akusztik\u00e1ja miatt napjainkban hangversenyeknek is helyt ad.<\/p>\n

Columbaria (colomb\u00e1rium) barlangok
\n<\/strong>
\nA Maresh\u00e1ban felt\u00e1rt barlangok egy r\u00e9sze (kb 70) columb\u00e1riak\u00e9nt t\u00f6lt\u00f6tte be egykor a szerep\u00e9t. Ezekben a saj\u00e1tosan kialak\u00edtott barlangokban helyenk\u00e9nt t\u00f6bb sz\u00e1z, \u00f6sszess\u00e9g\u00e9ben mintegy 50 000 galambd\u00fac (columb=galamb) nagys\u00e1g\u00fa f\u00fclke tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3. Manaps\u00e1g vitatott az eredeti kialak\u00edt\u00e1s c\u00e9lja. Eredend\u0151en a r\u00f3mai kori kult\u00far\u00e1kban, \u00e9s romai kori telep\u00fcl\u00e9seken terjedt el ez a saj\u00e1tos temetkez\u00e9si forma, azonban az is t\u00e9ny hogy az \u00f3korban a galambteny\u00e9szt\u00e9s megbecs\u00fclt foglalkoz\u00e1snak sz\u00e1m\u00edtott. Elk\u00e9pzelhet\u0151, hogy a columbaria eredend\u0151en ez ut\u00f3bbi c\u00e9lt szolg\u00e1lta. (A galambot \u00e1ldozati c\u00e9lokra, postagalambk\u00e9nt, valamint a h\u00fasa miatt is teny\u00e9sztett\u00e9k de a galamb\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00e9k, mint szerves tr\u00e1gya is keresett cikknek sz\u00e1m\u00edtott az \u00f3korban.)<\/p>\n

foto: Cvi BenGalil<\/p>\n

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Beit Guvrin Nemzeti Park ( \u05d2\u05df \u05dc\u05d0\u05d5\u05de\u05d9 \u05d1\u05d9\u05ea \u05d2\u05d5\u05d1\u05e8\u05d9\u05df-\u05de\u05e8\u05e9\u05d4 ) honlapja<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Egy a maga nem\u00e9ben egyed\u00fcl\u00e1ll\u00f3 l\u00e1tv\u00e1nyoss\u00e1got k\u00edn\u00e1l a\u00a0Beit (Bet) Guvrin-Maresha Nemzeti Park. A mintegy 400 m tengerszint feletti magass\u00e1gban elhelyezked\u0151 j\u00fadeai dombok sok sz\u00e1z emberi k\u00e9z alkotta barlangot rejtenek magukba. A fels\u0151 kem\u00e9ny k\u0151zet alatti puha, k\u00f6nnyen megmunk\u00e1lhat\u00f3 m\u00e9szk\u0151r\u00e9tegbe v\u00e1jt barlangok az \u00e9vezredek sor\u00e1n az itt \u00e9l\u0151knek hol \u00e9letteret, \u00e9s temetkez\u00e9si helyet biztos\u00edtott \u2013 de… <\/p>\n

Tov\u00e1bb<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":151,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-148","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"hentry","7":"category-uncategorized","9":"fallback-thumbnail"},"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/barangolo.salomhaverim.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/m26.jpg?fit=1800%2C1350&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pfermS-2o","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/barangolo.salomhaverim.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/148","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/barangolo.salomhaverim.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/barangolo.salomhaverim.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/barangolo.salomhaverim.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/barangolo.salomhaverim.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=148"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/barangolo.salomhaverim.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/148\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":213,"href":"https:\/\/barangolo.salomhaverim.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/148\/revisions\/213"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/barangolo.salomhaverim.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/151"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/barangolo.salomhaverim.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=148"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/barangolo.salomhaverim.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=148"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/barangolo.salomhaverim.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=148"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}